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Mudou is located 16 kilometers southwest of Wang'an and 8 kilometers south of Hua Islet, under the jurisdiction of Hua Islet Village, Wang'an Township. It includes both Da (Large) and Xiao (Small) Mudou and the surrounding reefs. Both islands are composed of basalt, surrounded by steep cliffs that are difficult to climb. Da Mudou is a massive outcrop of rock that rises from the ground, with elevated terrain reaching a height of approximately 70 to 79 meters, making it the highest point in the Penghu archipelago. The island features well-developed sea erosion landforms, with numerous sea caves around the island. The northern cliffs have a large sea-eroded arch, and the eastern side reveals a sea-eroded platform at low tide, covered with many pot holes. Xiao Mudou is located east of Da Mudou, with even steeper terrain. At low tide, the two islands are connected by a volcanic breccia ridge. There is a local saying in Penghu: "Bird Islet has no birds, and Mudou has no cats." Mudou is named for its resemblance to two crouching cats, not because it is home to many cats. In fact, it is an uninhabited island, although it hosts a large number of migratory birds. During the summer, terns choose the remote and rugged Mudou for breeding, primarily the Bridled Tern (Onychoprion anaethetus) and the Sooty Tern (Onychoprion fuscatus). Each year, between 3,000 to 5,000 of these birds breed on the island. In Penghu, the Sooty Tern is mainly found on Mudou, with only occasional sightings on North Sea Islet. Therefore, the Penghu County Government designated Da and Xiao Mudou as the "Mudou Marine Bird Sanctuary" in 1991. The protected area includes the land and the surrounding waters extending 100 meters from the shore. Unless for special purposes, landing on the islands is not permitted. Visitors can choose to take a boat to view the beautiful scenery of terns flying around the islands.