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A Must-Visit Nature Geology Classroom The sea erosion landform of Xiuying Houbi is exceptionally rich, featuring sea caves, sea arches, sea pillars, and is one of the best places to appreciate coastal erosion formations. Sea caves are formed when headlands protruding into the sea are eroded by waves along broken joints or the softer sections within rock strata over time. The cliff walls are gradually hollowed out. If the erosion continues, and the sea cave is penetrated completely by erosion, a sea arch is formed. If the ceiling of the sea arch can no longer bear its weight and collapses, or the middle section of the headland erodes away, separating the front rock mass from the mainland, it becomes an isolated rock column—a sea pillar—standing alone at sea.